I-Photodiode Detector, umtshina we-PD
Isingeniso Somkhiqizo
I-Kinheng ingahlinzeka ngemitshina ye-scintillator esekelwe ku-PMT, i-SiPM, i-PD ye-radiation spectrometer, i-dosimeter yomuntu siqu, imaging yokuphepha kanye nezinye izinkambu.
1. Umtshina wochungechunge lwe-SD
2. Umtshina wochungechunge lwe-ID
3. Umtshina we-X-ray wamandla aphansi
4. Umtshina wochungechunge lwe-SiPM
5. PD umtshina wochungechunge
| Imikhiqizo | |||||
| Uchungechunge | Imodeli No. | Incazelo | Okokufaka | Okukhiphayo | Isixhumi |
| PS | PS-1 | Imojula ye-elekthronikhi enesokhethi, 1”PMT | 14 Izikhonkwane |
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| PS-2 | Imojula ye-elekthronikhi enesokhethi&amandla aphezulu/aphansi-2”PMT | 14 Izikhonkwane |
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| SD | I-SD-1 | Umtshina.Kuhlanganiswe 1” NaI(Tl) kanye no-1”PMT ye-Gamma ray |
| 14 Izikhonkwane |
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| I-SD-2 | Umtshina.Kuhlanganiswe 2” NaI(Tl) kanye no-2”PMT ye-Gamma ray |
| 14 Izikhonkwane |
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| I-SD-2L | Umtshina.I-2L NaI(Tl) ehlanganisiwe engu-3”PMT ye-Gamma ray |
| 14 Izikhonkwane |
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| I-SD-4L | Umtshina.I-4L NaI(Tl) ehlanganisiwe engu-3”PMT ye-Gamma ray |
| 14 Izikhonkwane |
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| ID | ID-1 | I-Integrated Detector, ene-1” NaI(Tl), PMT, imojula ye-electronics ye-Gamma ray. |
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| GX16 |
| ID-2 | I-Integrated Detector, ene-2” NaI(Tl), PMT, imojula ye-electronics ye-Gamma ray. |
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| GX16 | |
| ID-2L | Umtshina Ohlanganisiwe, one-2L NaI(Tl), i-PMT, imojuli ye-electronics ye-Gamma ray. |
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| GX16 | |
| ID-4L | Umtshina Ohlanganisiwe, one-4L NaI(Tl), i-PMT, imojuli ye-electronics ye-Gamma ray. |
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| GX16 | |
| I-MCA | I-MCA-1024 | I-MCA, i-USB type-1024 Channel | 14 Izikhonkwane |
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| I-MCA-2048 | I-MCA, i-USB type-2048 Channel | 14 Izikhonkwane |
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| I-MCA-X | I-MCA, iziteshi ze-GX16 zohlobo lwe-Connector-1024~32768 ezitholakalayo | 14 Izikhonkwane |
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| HV | H-1 | I-HV Module |
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| I-HA-1 | I-HV Adjustable Module |
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| HL-1 | Amandla kagesi aphezulu/aphansi |
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| I-HLA-1 | Amandla kagesi aguquguqukayo aphezulu/aphansi |
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| X | X-1 | Integrated detector-X ray 1” Crystal |
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| GX16 |
| S | S-1 | I-SIPM Integrated Detector |
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| GX16 |
| S-2 | I-SIPM Integrated Detector |
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| GX16 | |
Izitholi zochungechunge lwe-SD zimboza ikristalu ne-PMT endaweni eyodwa, enqoba ukonakala kwe-hygroscopic kwamanye amakristalu okuhlanganisa i-NaI(Tl), LaBr3:Ce, CLYC.Lapho kupakishwa i-PMT, okokusebenza kwangaphakathi kokuvikela i-geomagnetic kunciphise umthelela wenkambu ye-geomagnetic kumtshina.Isebenza ekubaleni ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukukala i-spectrum yamandla kanye nesilinganiso somthamo wemisebe.
| I-PS-Plug Socket Module |
| I-SD- Separated Detector |
| I-ID-Integrated Detector |
| H- Amandla kagesi aphezulu |
| I-HL- Fixed High/Low Voltage |
| AH- Adjustable High Voltage |
| I-AHL- Adjustable High/Low Voltage |
| I-MCA-Multi Channel Analyzer |
| I-X-ray Detector |
| Umtshina we-S-SiPM |
Amapharamitha Okusebenza Kwezinto Ezihlukene
| Izinto ze-scintillator | I-CsI(Tl) | CdWO4 | I-GAGG: Ce | I-GOS:Pr/Tb Ceramic | I-GOS: Ifilimu ye-Tb |
| Isivuno esincane(ama-photons/MeV) | 54000 | 12000 | 50000 | 27000/45000 | I-145% ye-DRZ High |
| I-Afterglow (ngemuva kwe-30ms) | 0.6-0.8% | 0.1% | 0.1-0.2% | 0.01%/0.03% | 0.008% |
| Isikhathi sokubola | 1000 | 14000 | 48, 90, 150 | 3000 | 3000 |
| I-Hygroscopic | Kancane | Lutho | Lutho | Lutho | Lutho |
| Ibanga lamandla | Amandla aphansi | Amandla aphezulu | Amandla aphezulu | Amandla aphezulu | Amandla aphansi |
| Izindleko sezizonke | Phansi | Phezulu | Maphakathi | Phezulu | Phansi |
I-PD Performance Parameters
A. Nciphisa amapharamitha
| Inkomba | Uphawu | Inani | Iyunithi |
| I-Max Reverse Voltage | Vrmax | 10 | v |
| Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza | Phezulu | -10 -- +60 | °C |
| Izinga lokushisa lesitoreji | Tst | -20 -- +70 | °C |
B. PD izici zikagesi wezithombe
| Ipharamitha | Uphawu | Ithemu | Inani elijwayelekile | Ubukhulu | Iyunithi |
| Ububanzi bempendulo ye-Spectral | λp |
| 350-1000 | - | nm |
| Ubude be-wavenge bempendulo ephezulu | λ |
| 800 | - | nm |
| Ukuzwela kwesithombe | S | λ=550 | 0.44 | - | I-A/W |
| isiqephu =800 | 0.64 | ||||
| Umsinga omnyama | Id | Vr=10Mv | 3-5 | 10 | pA |
| Amandla e-Pixel | Ct | Vr=0,f=10kHz | 40 - 50 | 70 | pF |
I-PD Detector Umdwebo
(P1.6mm CsI(Tl)/ GOS:Tb Detector)
(P2.5mm GAGG/CsI(Tl)/CdWO4 Detector)
I-PD Detector Module
Umtshina we-CsI(Tl) PD
Umtshina we-CWO PD
I-GAGG: Umtshina we-Ce PD
I-GOS: Tb PD umtshina
Isicelo
Ukuhlolwa kokuphepha, inqubo ehlelekile yokuhlola nokuhlola abantu, izinto, noma izindawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwezimiso nemithetho zokuphepha, kanye nokuhlonza nokunciphisa ubungozi bokuphepha obungaba khona.Kubandakanya ukuhlola nokucubungula izici ezihlukahlukene, Ukuhlolwa kwezokuphepha kwenziwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izikhumulo zezindiza, amachweba, izakhiwo zikahulumeni, imicimbi yomphakathi, izikhungo zengqalasizinda ezibalulekile, namabhizinisi azimele.Izinjongo eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwezokuphepha ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokuvikeleka kwabantu nezimpahla, ukuvimbela ukufakwa kwezinto ezinqatshelwe noma izinto eziyingozi, ukuthola izinsongo ezingaba khona noma izenzo zobugebengu, nokugcina umthetho nokuhleleka.
Ukuhlolwa kwesitsha, Esimweni sokuhlolwa kweziqukathi, imitshina isetshenziselwa ukuhlonza noma yiziphi izinto ezingase zibe khona ezikhipha imisebe noma imithombo engaba khona ngaphakathi kwesiqukathi.Lezi zitholi zivame ukubekwa ezindaweni ezibalulekile kunqubo yokuhlolwa kweziqukathi, njengendawo yokungena noma yokuphuma, ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuqashwe okuqukethwe kweziqukathi.ukuhlolwa kweziqukathi ngezinhloso ezehlukene, okuhlanganisa: Ukuqapha imisebe, Ukuhlonza imithombo ekhipha imisebe, Ukuvimbela ukushushumbiswa okungekho emthethweni, Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komphakathi, njll.
Ukuhlolwa kwemoto enzima, isho idivayisi ekhethekile noma isistimu esetshenziselwa ukuhlonza nokuhlola izici ezihlukahlukene zezimoto ezinkulu, njengamaloli, amabhasi, noma ezinye izimoto ezinkulu zentengiso.Lezi zitholi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuhlola, ukweqa imingcele, noma eziteshini zokuhlola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthobelana nokuphepha, izimfuneko zokulawula, nezomthetho.
I-NDT, umtshina osetshenziswa Ekuhloleni Okungabhubhisi (NDT) ubhekisela kudivayisi noma inzwa esetshenziselwa ukuthola nokulinganisa izinhlobo ezihlukene zokungaqhubeki noma amaphutha ezintweni noma ezakhiweni ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo kuzo.Amasu e-NDT asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nezokukhiqiza, ezokwakha, i-aerospace, ezezimoto, nokunye ukuhlola ubuqotho, ikhwalithi, nokuthembeka kwezingxenye noma izinto zokwakha.
Izimboni zokuhlola i-Ore, ingabhekisela esisetshenziswa noma isistimu esetshenziselwa ukuhlonza kanye nokuhlukanisa amaminerali abalulekile noma izinto ezibiziwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.Lezi zitholi ziklanyelwe ukuhlaziya izici ezibonakalayo nezamakhemikhali zensimbi kanye nokuthola izici ezithile noma izici ezithakaselwayo.I-X-ray noma imitshina ye-radiometric ukukhetha komtshina ezimbonini zokuhlola insimbi kuncike ekubunjweni okuqondile kwensimbi, amaminerali afunekayo okuqondiswe kuwo, kanye nokusebenza kahle nokunemba okudingekayo ohlelweni lokuhlola.Lezi zithungatha zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni ukumbiwa kwamaminerali abalulekile, ekwehliseni imfucuza, kanye nokwenza kahle iyonke imisebenzi yokucubungula insimbi.
